abstract：:Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), due to E. multilocularis, are endemic to large areas of north and northwest China. Here we review features of a severe focus of AE and CE in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), northwest China. We describe for NHAR the r...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Yang YR,Craig PS,Sun T,Vuitton DA,Giraudoux P,Jones MK,Williams GM,McManus DP

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cross-sectional entomological surveys were carried out during the 2006 dry and rainy seasons in Lagdo, Cameroon to measure the impact of rice cultivation on malaria transmission and to monitor vector susceptibility to insecticides. Adult anopheline mosquitoes were captured on human volunteers and by pyrethrum spray co...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Antonio-Nkondjio C,Atangana J,Ndo C,Awono-Ambene P,Fondjo E,Fontenille D,Simard F

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tinea imbricata, also known as 'Tokelau', is an uncommon superficial mycosis caused by the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton concentricum. Cutaneous lesions appear characteristically as scaly and concentric rings that may cover all parts of the body. Often acquired in childhood, tinea imbricata is a chronic dis...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Pihet M,Bourgeois H,Mazière JY,Berlioz-Arthaud A,Bouchara JP,Chabasse D

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) categorisation has been developed as a phenotypic description of those TB strains that are resistant to most conventional anti-TB drugs. While widely accepted to have significant incidence in those areas, such as Eastern Europe, that have high levels of multidrug re...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Jones KD,Hesketh T,Yudkin J

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inadequate evaluation of vaccine coverage after mass vaccination campaigns, such as used in national measles control programmes, can lead to inappropriate public health responses. Overestimation of vaccination coverage may leave populations at risk, whilst underestimation can lead to unnecessary catch-up campaigns. Th...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Alberti KP,Guthmann JP,Fermon F,Nargaye KD,Grais RF

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In developing countries, micronutrient deficiencies are common and associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, which may in turn have longer-term effects on human health. The peri-conceptional period represents a particularly sensitive window of feto-placental development, during which suboptimal maternal micronutrition ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Owens S,Fall CH

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium DNA in faecal samples was developed and evaluated as an alternative diagnostic method to study the epidemiology of schistosomiasis. Primers and probes targeting the cytochrome c oxidase gene were designed for...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： ten Hove RJ,Verweij JJ,Vereecken K,Polman K,Dieye L,van Lieshout L

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies delineating bacterial causes of fever in rural Asia indicate a major role for several previously under-recognized pathogens, including Rickettsia and Leptospira. The use of blood culture for the first time to investigate patients with febrile illness in rural Asia has also revealed some unexpected findi...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Peacock SJ,Newton PN

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) accounts for the majority of childhood malignancies seen in sub-Saharan Africa. In Malawi, cyclophosphamide (CPM), the mainstay of treatment for endemic BL, is effective in around 50% of cases. Evidence exists in support of an association between activation of replication of Epstein-Barr virus ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Phillips JA,Griffin BE

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although known for many years, non-filarial elephantiasis remains a public health problem in tropical Africa, including the farming community of Ethiopia. The problem may be exacerbated in women who shoulder most of the burden of agricultural labour in the countryside. The intention of this brief review is to emphasis...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Animut A

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a lack of information on the disease burden due to Taenia solium taeniasis and its associated risk factors in pig farming communities throughout the world. The present study was conducted in a rural pig farming community of north India to estimate the prevalence of T. solium taeniasis and associated factors. ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Prasad KN,Prasad A,Gupta RK,Pandey CM,Singh U

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Home-Based Management of Fever/Malaria (HBMF) strategy in rural Uganda was evaluated in a quasi-experimental study. The intervention consisted of volunteers educating mothers and providing a 3-day course of pre-packaged chloroquine plus sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine tablets (HOMAPAK), free of charge, for the treatment...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Nsungwa-Sabiiti J,Peterson S,Pariyo G,Ogwal-Okeng J,Petzold MG,Tomson G

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Triclabendazole is the drug of choice against Fasciola hepatica infections in humans and animals. However, parasite resistance against triclabendazole is spreading in the veterinary field, and there are no drugs of comparable activity currently available for the treatment and control of fascioliasis. We investigated t...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Keiser J,Utzinger J,Vennerstrom JL,Dong Y,Brennan G,Fairweather I

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews peer-reviewed publications and book chapters on the history, epidemiology, genetics, ecology, pathogenesis, pathology and management of podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial elephantiasis). Podoconiosis is a non-infectious geochemical elephantiasis caused by exposure of bare feet to irritant alkalic ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Davey G,Tekola F,Newport MJ

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three apparently immunocompetent patients died in the intensive care unit at Loni Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, between 2001 and 2006 due to multiorgan failure and Strongyloides stercoralis septicaemia following a short course of corticosteroid (prednisolone) therapy of 6-17 days for peripheral blood eosin...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ghosh K,Ghosh K

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new dihydroartemisinin (DHA) tablet formulation has been developed by the Thai Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO). In this report, its in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetics as well as its safety in healthy volunteers were evaluated, using the DHA tablet made by Dafra Pharma NV as a reference. A...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Kongpatanakul S,Chatsiricharoenkul S,Sathirakul K,Suputtamongkol Y,Atipas S,Watnasirichaikul S,Pongnarin P,Sangvanich P

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several trachoma surveys conducted in sub-Saharan countries showed different geographical distributions of active trachoma and trichiasis. Trichiasis is more common in southern regions. We analysed the role of geoclimatic factors in determining the distributions of active trachoma and trichiasis in Mali. In each regio...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Schémann JF,Laffly D,Sacko D,Zephak G,Malvy D

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leprosy type 1 reactions (T1R) are immune-mediated events with inflammation of peripheral nerves and skin. We report the clinical outcomes of a closely monitored open prospective trial in which eight Nepali and 33 Ethiopian patients with T1Rs were treated with an Indian generic formulation of ciclosporin (Cn; 5-7.5 mg...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Marlowe SN,Leekassa R,Bizuneh E,Knuutilla J,Ale P,Bhattarai B,Sigdel H,Anderson A,Nicholls PG,Johnston A,Holt D,Lockwood DN

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with peptic ulcer and gastric cancer and may be the most common human bacterial infection. The epidemiology of H. pylori has been poorly studied in Africa, where its relevance to disease has not been fully appreciated. Following a cross-sectional study design, H. pylori infec...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Farag TH,Stoltzfus RJ,Khalfan SS,Tielsch JM

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In helminthology, the mean number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) is a commonly used indicator for the severity of the infection in a population. The example presented here shows that, in my opinion, mean EPG (either calculated as arithmetic or geometric means) is not the best way to evaluate the impact of control me...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Montresor A

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serological testing of paired (i.e. admission and convalescent) sera from 103 fever patients in Kathmandu, Nepal, was performed to estimate the prevalence rates of scrub typhus, murine typhus, Leptospira and dengue virus antibodies and to determine their role in the cause of active infections. Blood cultures from 15 p...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Blacksell SD,Sharma NP,Phumratanaprapin W,Jenjaroen K,Peacock SJ,White NJ,Pukrittayakamee S,Day NP

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate complement activation in uncomplicated, early phases of human malaria. Fifteen healthy volunteers were experimentally infected with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Parasitemia and complement activation products were assessed. During blood stage parasitemia, volunteers show...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Roestenberg M,McCall M,Mollnes TE,van Deuren M,Sprong T,Klasen I,Hermsen CC,Sauerwein RW,van der Ven A

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe here a method, potentially suitable for field applications, for semi-quantitative detection of Mycobacterium leprae antigens in skin scrapings, which are taken normally for smear microscopy. Thirty acid-fast bacilli-negative paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients comprised the main study group; eight acid-fa...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Chaturvedi V,Girdhar BK,Sengupta U,Sinha S

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We successfully detected dengue virus (DENV) genome in urine and saliva but not in plasma samples from a Japanese dengue fever patient. The results of the present study suggest that detection of DENV genome in urine and saliva can be an effective diagnostic method, particularly for children with viral hemorrhage. ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Mizuno Y,Kotaki A,Harada F,Tajima S,Kurane I,Takasaki T

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of acute diarrhoeal disease in a village in southern India was investigated through personal interviews of all households. Maps were drawn using geographic information system (GIS) tools of the water supply system, sewage channels and areas with observed faecal contamination of soil within and around the v...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Sarkar R,Prabhakar AT,Manickam S,Selvapandian D,Raghava MV,Kang G,Balraj V

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are conflicting reports on the presence of neurocognitive dysfunction during the initial, medically asymptomatic stage of HIV infection. This study aimed to assess the psychomotor speed and attention ability of antiretroviral treatment-naïve Nigerian Africans with HIV/AIDS and the impact of CD4 levels on their c...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Ogunrin AO,Odiase FE,Ogunniyi A

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody to Ebola virus was found in 14 (1.2%) of 1147 human sera collected in Gabon in 1981-1997. Six seropositive subjects were bled in the northeast in 1991, more than 3 years prior to recognition of the first known outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF), whilst eight came from the southwest where the disease h...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Lahm SA,Kombila M,Swanepoel R,Barnes RF

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lysophospholipid analogues (LPAs) comprise a class of metabolically stable compounds that have been developed as anticancer agents for over two decades, but which have also potent and selective antiparasitic activity, particularly against trypanosomatid parasites such as Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi, both in vitro...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Urbina JA

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Artemisinin derivatives are becoming the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in areas with widespread resistance to chloroquine. Although generally safe and well tolerated, it has been suggested from animal experiments, and more recently from one human study with artemether-lumefantrine, that these compound...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： McCall MB,Beynon AJ,Mylanus EA,van der Ven AJ,Sauerwein RW

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole are recommended to interrupt transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti, little is known about the macrofilaricidal effect of this drug combination. Forty-seven men with W. bancrofti infection were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of either DEC alone (6 mg/kg) (n=2...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Dreyer G,Addiss D,Williamson J,Norões J

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (XbaI) on 114 bloodstream isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A and S. enterica serotype Typhi collected from febrile patients in Kathmandu, Nepal. Of the 56 S. Paratyphi A isolates, 51 (91%) were indistinguishable, which suggests the emergence of a single c...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Woods CW,Murdoch DR,Zimmerman MD,Glover WA,Basnyat B,Wolf L,Belbase RH,Reller LB

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was conducted in rural Malawi to verify (a) whether the Partec CyFlow Counter((R)) for CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte counting in HIV-positive individuals could be introduced into a district hospital laboratory and (b) whether it would produce CD4 counts of acceptable quality. CD4+ cell counting was performed using th...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Fryland M,Chaillet P,Zachariah R,Barnaba A,Bonte L,Andereassen R,Charrondière S,Teck R,Didakus O

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was experimentally induced in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) by intravenously inoculating 2 x 10(7)amastigotes/kg of body weight of Leishmania infantum. The macaques developed a systemic disease showing characteristic features of human VL such as fever, diarrhoea, body weight loss, anaemi...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Porrozzi R,Pereira MS,Teva A,Volpini AC,Pinto MA,Marchevsky RS,Barbosa AA Jr,Grimaldi G Jr

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A meta-analysis of rapid (

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Blacksell SD,Doust JA,Newton PN,Peacock SJ,Day NP,Dondorp AM

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interest in medicinal plants has increased in recent years. This article examines the history of medicinal plant research through a case study of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) over the past 100 years. Papers published by members of the School and documents in the School archives show a flu...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Taylor S,Berridge V

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The health and human rights communities have much in common. Recently, the international community has begun to devote more attention to the right to the highest attainable standard of health ("the right to health"). Today, this human right presents health and human rights professionals with a range of new opportuniti...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Hunt P

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report two cases of people from different states in India who developed polyneuropathy following intake of mefloquine for treatment of malaria. To the best of our knowledge this has not been reported before. ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Jha S,Kumar R,Kumar R

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study aims at estimating the recent trends in HIV-1 prevalence and the factors associated with infection among pregnant women in the Gulu District of north Uganda, a rural area severely affected by civil strife. In 2000-2003, a total of 4459 antenatal clinic attendees of Lacor Hospital were anonymously tested for...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Fabiani M,Nattabi B,Opio AA,Musinguzi J,Biryahwaho B,Ayella EO,Ogwang M,Declich S

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrathecal cytokine levels and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier function were studied in 91 Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-infected patients. The CSF concentration of the cellular immune activation marker neopterin and the cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were increased over control and post-treatment levels in all pa...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Maclean L,Odiit M,Sternberg JM

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spread of chloroquine resistance throughout the world poses a major problem in combating malaria. In the present study, an efficient polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR--SSCP)-based assay detected the PfCRT K76T point mutation, which is a marker for chloroquine resistance. For ...

journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

authors： Mishra S,Raj DK,Hazra RK,Dash AP,Supakar PC

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00